State Goal 12 (Science): Understand the fundamental concepts, principles and interconnections of the life, physical and earth/space sciences.

A. Know and apply concepts that explain how living things function, adapt and change.

Standard	Grade Level	Description
12.A.3a	Middle/Junior High School	Explain how cells function as “building blocks” of organisms and describe the requirements for cells to live.
12.A.4a	Early High School	Explain how genetic combinations produce visible effects and variations among physical features and cellular functions of organisms.
12.A.5a	Late High School	Explain changes within cells and organisms in response to stimuli and changing environmental conditions (e.g., homeostasis, dormancy).
12.A.3b	Middle/Junior High School	Compare characteristics of organisms produced from a single parent with those of organisms produced by two parents.
12.A.4b	Early High School	Describe the structures and organization of cells and tissues that underlie basic life functions including nutrition, respiration, cellular transport, biosynthesis and reproduction.
12.A.5b	Late High School	Analyze the transmission of genetic traits, diseases and defects.
12.A.3c	Middle/Junior High School	Compare and contrast how different forms and structures reflect different functions (e.g., similarities and differences among animals that fly, walk or swim; structures of plant cells and animal cells).
12.A.4c	Early High School	Describe processes by which organisms change over time using evidence from comparative anatomy and physiology, embryology, the fossil record, genetics and biochemistry.

State Goal 13 (Science): Understand the relationships among science, technology and society in historical and contemporary contexts.

A. Know and apply the accepted practices of science.

B. Know and apply concepts that describe the interaction between science, technology and society.

Standard	Grade Level	Description
13.A.4c	Early High School	Describe how scientific knowledge, explanations and technological designs may change with new information over time (e.g., the understanding of DNA, the design of computers).
13.B.3b	Middle/Junior High School	Identify important contributions to science and technology that have been made by individuals and groups from various cultures.
13.B.4b	Early High School	Analyze a particular occupation to identify decisions that may be influenced by a knowledge of science.
13.B.5b	Late High School	Analyze and describe the processes and effects of scientific and technological breakthroughs.
13.B.3c	Middle/Junior High School	Describe how occupations use scientific and technological knowledge and skills.