State Goal 12 (Science): Understand the fundamental concepts, principles and interconnections of the life, physical and earth/space sciences.

A. Know and apply concepts that explain how living things function, adapt and change.

B. Know and apply concepts that describe how living things interact with each other and with their environment.

C. Know and apply concepts that describe properties of matter and energy and the interactions between them.

E. Know and apply concepts that describe the features and processes of the Earth and its resources.

Standard	Grade Level	Description
12.A.3a	Middle/Junior High School	Explain how cells function as “building blocks” of organisms and describe the requirements for cells to live.
12.A.4a	Early High School	Explain how genetic combinations produce visible effects and variations among physical features and cellular functions of organisms.
12.A.5a	Late High School	Explain changes within cells and organisms in response to stimuli and changing environmental conditions (e.g., homeostasis, dormancy).
12.A.4b	Early High School	Describe the structures and organization of cells and tissues that underlie basic life functions including nutrition, respiration, cellular transport, biosynthesis and reproduction.
12.B.3a	Middle/Junior High School	Identify and classify biotic and abiotic factors in an environment that affect population density, habitat and placement of organisms in an energy pyramid.
12.B.4a	Early High School	Compare physical, ecological and behavioral factors that influence interactions and interdependence of organisms.
12.B.5a	Late High School	Analyze and explain biodiversity issues and the causes and effects of extinction.
12.B.3b	Middle/Junior High School	Compare and assess features of organisms for their adaptive, competitive and survival potential (e.g., appendages, reproductive rates, camouflage, defensive structures).
12.B.4b	Early High School	Simulate and analyze factors that influence the size and stability of populations within ecosystems (e.g., birth rate, death rate, predation, migration patterns).
12.B.5b	Late High School	Compare and predict how life forms can adapt to changes in the environment by applying concepts of change and constancy (e.g., variations within a population increase the likelihood of survival under new conditions).
12.C.3a	Middle/Junior High School	Explain interactions of energy with matter including changes of state and con¬servation of mass and energy.
12.C.5a	Late High School	Analyze reactions (e.g., nuclear reactions, burning of fuel, decomposition of waste) in natural and man-made energy systems.
12.E.4a	Early High School	Explain how external and internal energy sources drive Earth processes (e.g., solar energy drives weather patterns; internal heat drives plate tectonics).

State Goal 13 (Science): Understand the relationships among science, technology and society in historical and contemporary contexts.

B. Know and apply concepts that describe the interaction between science, technology and society.

Standard	Grade Level	Description
13.B.3b	Middle/Junior High School	Identify important contributions to science and technology that have been made by individuals and groups from various cultures.
13.B.4b	Early High School	Analyze a particular occupation to identify decisions that may be influenced by a knowledge of science.
13.B.5b	Late High School	Analyze and describe the processes and effects of scientific and technological breakthroughs.
13.B.3c	Middle/Junior High School	Describe how occupations use scientific and technological knowledge and skills.